August 08, 2007

十八般武艺

之称是从“十八般武艺”一词演化而来。“十八般武艺”始见于南宋华岳编的兵书《翠微北征录》,华岳曾中过武状元。此书编成于南宋嘉定元年(1208年):他在书中自称“臣闻”,可见“十八般武艺”的说法实际上还要早。可惜宋代的兵书多毁于兵燹,今传者寥寥无几,“十八般武艺”的原始出处和内涵今天已无从查考。谢肇浙《五杂俎》中对“十八般武艺”的具体内容作了记述:“一弓、二弩、三枪、四刀、五剑、六矛、七盾、八斧、九钺、十戟、十一鞭、十二简、十三挝、十四殳、十五叉、十六把、十七绵绳套索、十八白打。”前十七种都是兵器的名称,第十八般名目“白打”,就是“徒手拳术”。
《水浒传》写到的十八样是:矛、锤、弓、弩、铳、鞭、锏、剑、链、挝、斧、钺、戈、戟、牌、棒、枪、扒。还有谓十八般武艺是指九长九短:九长是枪、戟、棍、钺、叉、钅党、钩、槊、环;九短是刀、剑、拐、斧、鞭、锏、锤、杵。


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